A chart of the mechanical properties of noth american hardwoods. A critical aspect of fire resistant design is assessing the postfire residual strength of the materials in the. An understanding of wood and moisture relationships is of great importance to the manufacture and use of the wood products, as is an understanding of the mechanical properties of wood. Wood properties vary according to the different species. It can be used in anything from wood carving and creating small wooden items, such as chairs and rocking horses, to building timber structures and sheds. The project gutenberg ebook of the mechanical properties of. Presents properties of wood and wood based products of particular concern to the architect and engineer. The objective of the study is to determine the wood characteristics and properties ofcocos nucifera, where the wood conversion and seasoning behaviour will be assessed. Sometimes it grows over 90 metres high and four and one half metres in diameter. Wood is primarily composed of hollow, elongate, spindleshaped cells that are arranged parallel to each other along the trunk of a tree. Includes discussion of designing with wood and wood based products along with some pertinent uses. Also the physical, strength and wood working properties and the. Pdf variation of wood density and mechanical properties of. Mechanical properties of pinewood pinus sylvestris swollen.
Standard test methods for mechanical properties of lumber and. Physical and mechanical properties are based on mature heartwood specimens. Physical properties of wood designing buildings wiki share your construction industry knowledge. This chapter discusses the physical properties of most. Part of the workshop companion, a collection of information on wood, woodwork, woodworking skills, woodworking materials, and woodworking plans that together form the core knowledge needed by woodworkers, furniture makers, cabinetmakers. Some properties, such as tension parallel to the grain, and all properties for. D476119 standard test methods for mechanical properties of lumber and wood based structural materials bending test wood base structural materials. Plywood is produced from softwood and hardwood species of trees, and the species used in its manufacture determine the physical and mechanical properties of the plywood. These properties are represented as the average mechanical properties of the species.
Pdf mechanical properties of wood duc hoang academia. Physicalmechanical properties and natural durability of. The mechanical properties of plantationgrown balsa wood from papua new guinea png were determined according to american society for testing and materials d14309. D476119 standard test methods for mechanical properties of lumber and woodbased structural materials bending test woodbase structural materials. Pure substances and aqueous solutions influenced the mechanical properties of wood in different ways. Density lesson 1 showed that wood is a porous material made up of cells of various kinds. Department of forestry and wood technology, federal university of technology akure, ondo state, nigeria, between may 2012 and september 2012. Quantitative properties may be used as a metric by which the benefits of one material versus another can be assessed, thereby helping in materials selection. Summarizes information on wood as an engineering material. Standard test methods for mechanical properties of lumber. Wood handbookchapter 3physical properties and moisture. Mechanical properties of small clear wood specimens of pinus. As a result, wood possesses material properties that may be significantly different from other materials normally encountered in structural design.
Thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of wood. This chapter discusses the structure of wood, its physical and mechanical properties, and the manufacturing and grading processes for sawn lumber and glulam. The important factors that affect the physical and mechanical properties of plywood are the density of the wood, species of. There was an overall increase of woods physical and mechanical properties from the breast height to the top of the tree. Please list the factors that influence the mechanical properties of wood, and briefly explain why. Wood sawdust was increasingly being used as reinforcement in commercial thermoplastics due to low cost, reusable raw materials. Wood chemical composition hemicellulose a celluloselike material in the wood cell wall that is easily decomposed by dilute acid to yield simple sugars extractives organic material deposited during heartwood formation gums, resins, oils, alkaloids. Definition the mechanical properties of wood are its fitness and ability to resist applied or external forces the mechanical properties of wood considered are 1 stiffness and elasticity, 2 tensile strength, 3 compressive or crushing strength, 4 shearing strength, 5 transverse or bending strength, 6 toughness, 7 hardness, 8 cleavability, 9. Mechanical properties of wood forest products laboratory. Free kindle book and epub digitized and proofread by project gutenberg. This lesson covers the physical and mechanical properties of wood. By external force is meant any force outside of a given piece of material which tends to deform it in any manner.
Mechanical properties of juvenile wood versus mature wood data from a previous research kamala et al. Some hold one type of wood to be sacred, while others believe that all wood has magic properties. The study of the tracheid length of the five families showed that there was a rapid increase. Properties of wood there are fewer species of conifers. Furthermore, mechanical properties of mma hardened wood could be further improved by the addition of coupling agents, such as hexamethylene diisocyanate, which chemically link the mma monomer and the hydroxyl groups on the wood components islam et al. Physical properties refer to density and moisture relations that affect its use. One of the problems of using wood sawdust is its interfacial adhesion with polymeric matrix.
Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. The variation of wood density and mechanical properties with site, tree and within tree longitudinal and radial were studied for blackwood acacia melanoxylon r. Wood characteristics and properties of cocos nucifera the. The mechanical properties of wood open education process okfn, india the mechanical properties of wood including a discussion of the factors affecting the mechanical properties, and methods of timber testing samuel j.
This moisture relationship has an important influence on wood properties and performance. Magic properties of wood wood is a remarkable substance, a gift from nature itself. These trees bear cones and most of them have needle. Mechanical and physical properties of wood fiberreinforced. Physical and mechanical properties of selected wood species. Physical properties of wood designing buildings wiki. Pine sapwood, swollen in aqueous solutions of ethanol, has better elastic properties compared to wood, swollen in other organic liquids used in this study. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and. Wood is one of the most versatile and widely used materials in the world.
Wood handbookchapter 4mechanical properties of wood. The mechanical properties of wood are its fitness and ability to resist applied or external forces. Mechanical properties refer to the strength characteristics of wood. Physical and mechanical properties of chemically modified wood. When lumber and other products are cut from the tree, the characteristics of these fibrous cells and their arrangement affect such properties. Wood, panel and structural timber products mechanical. Part of the workshop companion, a collection of information on wood, woodwork, woodworking skills, woodworking materials, and woodworking plans that together form the core knowledge needed by woodworkers, furniture makers, cabinetmakers, turners, and other practioners of the wood arts to become competent craftsmen. The outer, higher density stem fibre has properties similar to many hardwood timbers and is suitable for high value flooring products. Effect of heat on the mechanical properties of wood and wood composites arijit sinha1, rakesh gupta2, john a. Variations of the physical and mechanical wood properties of swietenia macrophylla in mixed and monoculture plantations sharmin a. These properties can vary from simple color change in the wood to major changes in modulus properties, work to maximum load, brittleness, hardness, wet strength, wet stiffness, impact strength,compressive strength, gas permeability, density, and moisture sorption.
Cocowood is the processed stem fibre of the coconut palm cocos nucifera. Pdf variation of wood density and mechanical properties. Variations of the physical and mechanical wood properties of. Pdf mechanical properties of papua new guinea balsa wood. Comparative study of wood physical and mechanical properties. Mechanical properties of mmahardened hybrid poplar wood. Nearly every culture throughout history has attributed magic properties to wood. The experiment was laid out in complete block design cbd. Peter niemz, sebastian clauss, franco michel institute for building materials, eth zurich. Wood, panel and structural timber products mechanical properties density, fibre stress, compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of clear wood, panel and structural timber products. Properties and processing facts for coconut wood revised august 2010. May 01, 2004 the mechanical properties of wood including a discussion of the factors affecting the mechanical properties, and methods of timber testing. The fundamental properties of building materials include. The mechanical properties of wood, including specific gracity, strength, bending strength, movement, stability, working characteristics, and common uses.
1579 518 894 954 284 563 1388 1620 795 1639 253 114 791 1087 292 1406 739 423 817 486 1003 83 945 1304 1556 1585 1243 428 625 393 1489 589 1450 137 996 1347 659 786 766 1484 1203 543 291 1184 951 553 1270 902